Beyond Gender: Redefining the Divine
The terms divine feminine and divine masculine are becoming popular in the digital era. These ancient concepts, present in multiple mythologies and spiritual cultures, are more than just gender stereotypes: they represent the forces of creation.
However, these terms have been over used and have become outdated as more nonbinary people create a relationship to the divine. In this article, we will explore the origins and traditions that gave life to these terms, but with a new outlook on understanding these energies to be more inclusive, while creating safe spaces for spiritual seekers.
What is the divine feminine and divine masculine?
Spiritual cultures and traditions worldwide accept that divinity has multiple aspects, including feminine and masculine nature. These energies are the two forces that sustain creation: black and white, positive and negative, active and passive. As archetypes, the divine feminine and divine masculine serve as profound symbols that encapsulate the essence of these cosmic forces. They go beyond mere gender distinctions, reaching into the very essence of existence. These archetypes are not confined to deities or mythical beings. They are recognized as pervasive energies present in every aspect of the material and spiritual realms. The symbols and myths regarding these forces are merely representations of these omnipresent, divine energies. Traditionally, the divine feminine and masculine are omnipresent and inseparable from the grand tapestry of existence, in the ebb and flow of natural cycles, the interdependence of elements, or the harmonious interconnection of all living beings.
The divine feminine and divine masculine in ancient cultures and traditions
Archetypes are symbols and motifs that appear repeatedly in art, literature, and mythology. These archetypes have appeared vastly throughout history. We can find this concept in most (if not all) spiritual traditions and religions, as they use symbols to illustrate these aspects. For example, ancient Egyptians had Osiris and Isis. Hindus have the Trimurti, or trinity of masculine gods (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva), and the Tridevi, or trinity of goddesses (Parvati, Saraswati, and Lakshmi).
Even Abrahamic religions have some ways to incorporate the divine feminine in their beliefs. For example, the Holy Spirit is sometimes considered feminine1 since the Hebrew word for spirit (rūaḥ) is feminine, and the Greek word is neutral (pneuma). Moreover, Holy Mary is an example of the divine feminine in Catholicism.
Esoteric and occult traditions also accept the existence of these two aspects of divinity. Multiple spiritual authors, like HP Blavatsky2 and Samael Aun Weor3, have explored femininity and masculinity as divine principles.
What is the divine feminine?
The divine feminine is a force, energy, or aspect of divinity that embodies qualities like fertility, creativity, intuition, and compassion. Ancient goddesses were often deities of motherhood, fertility, agriculture, love, wisdom, hearth, etc. Goddesses like Isis, Athena, or Lakshmi are revered as embodiments of the divine feminine. Some spiritual authors consider everyone (regardless of gender) should harness the energies associated with the divine feminine on their spiritual journeys. In doing so, individuals may tap into qualities such as nurturing, intuition, and creativity to enhance their personal and spiritual growth.
What is the divine masculine?
On the other hand, the divine masculine is the archetype that embodies qualities like strength, action, logic, integrity, protection, assertiveness, and leadership. The traditional belief is that, as the divine masculine is the active aspect of divinity, it is responsible for creation, while the divine feminine aspect gives birth to that creation. This dynamic interplay between the active and receptive forces is considered the foundation of life itself, forming the cosmic dance that manifests in all planes of existence — from the ethereal realms of spirituality to the tangible realms of the physical world.
In this symbiotic relationship, each plays a crucial role in the intricate tapestry of existence. Together, they weave through every atom, celestial body, galaxy, living creature, and every human being. This cosmic collaboration signifies the inherent interconnectedness of all things, emphasizing that the balance of these dual forces is not only pivotal for the continuation of life but also the realization of a harmonious and holistic existence.
Where did these terms originate?
Pinpointing the exact origin of the terms divine feminine and divine masculine is challenging. These concepts are not tied to a single source or moment in history. However, there are diverse threads that led to its emergence. For example, ancient cultures worshiped feminine and masculine deities, expressions of various aspects of traits of divinity. Feminine goddesses include Isis, Ishtar, Juno, Aphrodite, Lakshmi, etc.
Esoteric and spiritual authors and proponents of alternative forms of spirituality began reclaiming and reinterpreting these traditions during the 20th century. A noted example is the theologian Rosemary Radford Ruether, who challenged the male-dominated vision of God4. She advocated for a more inclusive understanding that embraces feminine divine principles.
New Age and esoteric movements in the late 20th century and early 21st century, like Wicca, gave recognition to these terms. They emphasize the importance of balancing and integrating masculine and feminine energies for each individual5.
Deconstructing the divine feminine/ masculine to be more inclusive
Today, the divine feminine/masculine holds varied meanings depending on the individual or group's context. It can represent an archetype, spiritual energy, or a way of being associated with qualities like receptivity, nurturing, and intuition; or strength, creativity, and leadership. It is important to note that while the terms divine feminine and divine masculine have roots in ancient traditions, their modern interpretations are not without controversy. Some people find them empowering and liberating, while critics argue they limit femininity and masculinity, promote stereotypes, and instill gender norms.
As spiritual facilitators, we should understand that many individuals may not feel comfortable with these specific words, and we should strive to create a safe space for everyone. In this case, many choose alternative words to describe these energies so they do not gravitate towards gender. For example, we can switch to words like “yin” and “yang” energies, or “shiva” and “shakti,” (which reflect the same concept), or explore other spiritual concepts like “divine androgyny”. This claim does not mean the concepts are incorrect or invalid (we are not denying the core beliefs of many traditions and indigenous cultures around the globe). However, it does mean we can consciously choose how we talk about spiritual matters to suit more spiritual seekers starting their journey.
What is divine androgyny?
In many spiritual beliefs, the Divine is androgynous because it embodies both feminine and masculine aspects. Otherwise, creation would not be possible because, in every plane, it needs active and receptive forces. This idea also appears widely in multiple traditions and mythologies worldwide. For instance, in the myth of Hermaphroditus in ancient Greece, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite merged with the nymph Salmacis, both fused into an immortal androgynous being6.
In the modern period, Western esotericism embraced the concept of divine androgyny. For example, a 1550 anthology of Alchemical thought, De Alchemia, included the influential Rosary of the Philosophers. It depicted the sacred marriage of the masculine principle (called Sol or "Sun") with the feminine principle (Luna or "Moon"), producing the "Divine Androgyne."7
Similar ideas represent the Hermetic beliefs in dualism and the transcendental union of opposites. This belief deconstructs some concepts about divinity: God does not have a gender because its energy is both feminine and masculine.
How to be more inclusive while creating a safe space for others
Some spiritual seekers can find concepts like “divine feminine/masculine” empowering, while others may consider them outdated or inappropriate. It is vital to understand each individual has their particular journey, and these ideas may differ in each person. As spiritual facilitators, we should respect everyone’s journey and adapt our language to reflect the communities we are directing toward. Spiritual facilitators should create an open and judgment-free space for individuals to articulate their distinctive understanding and expression of their unique cosmic energies. Recognizing that everyone experiences spirituality uniquely, irrespective of gender norms, is pivotal for fostering an inclusive environment.
To decolonize and deconstruct traditional gendered terminology, incorporating alternative words like yin and yang energies or Divinity concepts can enhance the inclusivity of the spiritual language. This shift acknowledges and respects the diverse identities within the LGBTQIA and BIPOC communities. Promoting education and awareness about various spiritual perspectives becomes vital in establishing safe spaces. Understanding the nuances of numerous spiritual traditions allows practitioners to cultivate empathy and respect for diverse beliefs and practices. The establishment of inclusive communities requires active engagement and ongoing dialogue. Encouraging open conversations about diverse spiritual experiences fosters mutual understanding, dismantles stereotypes, and creates environments where individuals can authentically express their spirituality, transcending the limitations of traditional language.
Understanding ourselves as souls
Although our identity is essential to express our inner self, most spiritual traditions agree the soul has no gender. For example, in the Hindu tradition, the concept of Atman (the individual soul) is considered genderless and believed to be part of the larger, universal soul (Brahman).
Religions and spiritual traditions that believe in reincarnation claim that upon death, the soul transitions to a new body, with the gender of each incarnation subject to change. In this sense, gender is a temporal aspect of who we are, while the soul is permanent. If we choose to think of ourselves as souls dressed with human bodies, our identities, personalities, and physical qualities become irrelevant.
Many schools of thought and spiritual groups adopt this perspective, seeing people as more than just males, females, cisgender, transgender, etc. They see people as souls, regardless of their social and physical qualities. This perspective may be empowering for some spiritual facilitators embracing inclusivity, emphasizing the shared essence of souls over societal labels.
However, others may disagree. Some individuals view their gender identities as integral aspects of their inner selves.
In fostering understanding and respect, it becomes imperative to listen to everyone, recognizing their diverse needs and individual spiritual beliefs. Balancing inclusivity with a nuanced understanding of personal identity allows for a richer, more compassionate discourse within the realm of spiritual exploration.
Final Thoughts
According to traditional spiritual beliefs, divine feminine and masculine energies are present in every atom, planet, galaxy, and individual. The divine feminine and divine masculine energies form an intricate dance of cosmic forces that sustain creation across spiritual cultures and traditions worldwide.
These archetypes, extending beyond mere gender distinctions, symbolize the universal principles of balance and harmony. Ancient cultures, religions, and esoteric traditions have woven these concepts into their mythologies, showcasing the omnipresence of these energies.
Although the original notion is that the divine feminine/masculine polarity goes beyond gender and is present in every individual, we cannot deny its implications.
These ancient concepts may be confusing or inappropriate for some individuals in search of spirituality, especially individuals from the LGBTQIA community. This is because the terms still include the words “feminine” and “masculine,” polarities alluding to gender. After all what does it truly mean to be “Feminine or Masculine.”
In this article, we provided many alternatives to deconstruct these concepts. From “Divinity” to replacements like “ying-yang” and “shiva-shakti,” which can be considered to be more inclusive and not gender-centered.
We encourage spiritual facilitators to be sensitive to diverse perspectives, create open spaces for expression, and adapt language to meet the unique needs of their audiences. At the end of the day, how can we describe, label, or conceptualize that which has no name, that which goes beyond the body and the mind? The divine, the infinite forces that comprise the universe, goes beyond our human ideas of gender.
References
Van Oort, Johannes. “The Holy Spirit as Feminine: Early Christian Testimonies and Their Interpretation.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 72.1 (2016): n. pag. Web.
Winters, Carol. "The Feminine Principle: An Evolving Idea." Quest 94.5 (2006):206-209, 215.
Samael Aun Weor. “The Goddess, the Eternal Feminine, and the Spiritual Potential of Women.” Glorian. n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2024.
Ackermann, Denisse. Rosemary Radford Ruether: themes from a feminist liberation story. Scriptura 97 (2008):37-46, doi:10.7833/97-0-712.
Shuler, Elizabeth, "A Balancing Act: A Discussion of Gender Roles Within Wiccan Ritual." Intermountain West Journal of Religious Studies 4.1 (2012): 47-59.
Seymour, Jane. “Hermaphrodite.” The Lancet 377.9765 (2011): 547. Web. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60188-8/fulltext
Hauck, Dennis William. The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Alchemy. New York: Alpha Books, 2008. Print.